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According to Statista, there will be 30 billion Internet of Things (IoT) devices active by 2024. To tap into this trend, plant managers can choose between two main methods of connecting new devices to the IoT — wired or wireless.

Here Maria Torrisi, business development manager of industrial automation specialist JMartans Automation, suggests three questions to ask before choosing between wired and wireless technology.

Wired automation is more mature than wireless technology and offers a fast and reliable option. Wireless technology is a newer entrant to the field, boasting reduced automation costs and smaller space requirements.

A good understanding of your technology and how to connect it is essential during any automation project. To choose the best form of connectivity for your application there are three primary questions to address.

How much space do I have?

A wired system can require a large amount of cabling to connect components and devices, which can be bulky and expensive. One of the main advantages of wireless

systems is that they can be installed in almost any location, even those where space is limited. To discuss which option is best suited to your facility you can arrange for a specialist, like JMartans, to review your plant and recommend the best type of industrial automation equipment for you.

How much am I automating?

If you are connecting a small number of devices to the IoT then wired technology is a good fit for your purposes, as the technology is fast and reliable. However, — adding additional cabling or rerouting the existing cabling of a wired system can be incredibly challenging. Wireless systems, therefore, offer a more scalable option for businesses that are planning on expanding their level of connectivity in the future.

Where’s the value?

Wireless technology can offer a cost-effective option for businesses connecting a large number of devices. While the upfront costs can be high, the flexibility offered to grow businesses can lead to better value in the long term. However, if your company aims to automate a single part reliably and securely then wired automation can make good business sense due to its fidelity. Remember that the larger the wired network, the more expensive it is to install, maintain and manage.

As the IoT continues to grow towards the 30 billion devices forecast by Statista, businesses are faced with decisions about how best to connect their equipment. While wired technology offers a trustworthy option, businesses looking to scale up their connectivity in the long term may find wireless technology is more suited to them.

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This year's Aftermarket Business Platform was once again a hive of information as senior leaders from across the European continent and beyond came together to share their insight, learn from their peers and see first hand the technology that is shaping the sector. The conference was packed with the leading thinkers within the industry from both the practitioner and solution provider side including regular fieldservicenews.com columnist Mark Brewer who spoke with Coppperberg's Mark McCord...

The schedule for Aftermarket 2019 is already being put together and it promises to be a key date in the calendar once again. This is an event that almost always sells out so head over to aftermarketeurope.com now and secure your place at this important industry event...

In an outcome-based economy, the customer’s experience becomes the focus of the production process. But if a new product can achieve the same experience as an older model, where does that leave innovation?

According to IFS global industry director for service management Mark Brewer, innovation becomes even more essential, even if it’s driven in different ways.

“Rather than restricting innovation, the manufacturer is induced to continually reflect on how the product is behaving in the field,” Brewer explains on the sideline of Aftermarket 2018. “A combination of both consumers and industry are driving innovation. Organisations are being flexible to adapt to the expectations of millennials, generation X and so forth.”

Brewer has spent his 20-plus year career in presales, product management, business development marketing and he crisscrosses the world representing IFS at trade shows and winning business for the Sweden-based software developer.

"Rather than restricting innovation, the manufacturer is induced to continually reflect on how the product is behaving in the field..."

While the service industry is undergoing a transformation that’s putting the focus on experiences and outcomes rather than product manufacturing, Brewer says innovation will come in the form of better, more cost-effective, ways to provide those experiences.

Earlier, he explained the concept to dozens of delegates at the Berlin event using the example of Philips. The Dutch electrical giant used to sell tens of thousands of light bulbs to Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport. Now, he explained, it no longer sells bulbs – instead, it provides a contract that will ensure the facility’s lights never go out.

“When you take ownership of the outcome, sure it turns the model on its head but in that example, they want to minimise the amount of product they shift because it’s all coming off the profit margin of their contract,” he explains.

“Likewise they are going to great lengths to optimise the number of visits they make — so they intelligently combine visits. If they’re going to do an overhaul of certain sections of the airport, they pull all the near-term jobs into the same routine and send one team in one hit. It’s a win-win because the customer doesn’t want engineers swapping things out every day.”

In his presentation, Brewer said research showed companies could earn $12 in product servicing contracts for every $1 earned in product sales. BMW, he pointed out, earned 12% margins on the sale of each car but 65% on provision of services for each of those cars.

“Service traditionally has been underinvested,” he told delegates. “That golden goose hasn’t been mined very well – but that’s changing.”

Driving that change is technology, he explains later. “Digital twinning”, in which manufacturers track the performance and condition of their products in the field via inbuilt monitors, has the potential to revolutionise the service industry.

"For the first time, the customer is no longer the sensor - the machine is the sensor now..."

“For the first time, the customer is no longer the sensor to say, for instance, that an elevator is broken; the machine is the sensor now,” Brewer says. “When a company sends a product out they never lose sight of it.

“With IoT and the leveraging of all their product information in the form of CAD, they can see how their products are performing. More interestingly, they can see the features that customers are using and not using. In that way they can see where they’ve over-engineered the product and can defeature to reduce costs by taking things away.”

The end result is innovation targeted at creating better customer experiences. More and more, that will come in the form of software upgrades.

“It doesn’t mean we have to reflect hardware changes to reflect innovation and change,” he explains. “The Tesla gets its upgrade at the click of a button and GE today employs more software engineers than hardware engineers.”

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Berg Insight presents a unique database covering the 350 largest cellular IoT deployments identified as part of the company’s world-class IoT market research activities since 2004.

The extensive list includes various types of projects and product categories deployed across all types of vertical markets including aftermarket automotive, fleet management & MRM, healthcare, OEM automotive, retail applications, smart homes and buildings, utilities, wearables & consumer electronics as well as industrial M2M and other. The database includes project size and geographical distribution by the end of 2017 as well as a 5-year forecast for each individual project.

“The projects included in the top-350 list together account for approximately 214 million active cellular IoT subscriptions”, said Rickard Andersson, Principal Analyst, Berg Insight. He adds that this corresponds to as much as 33.0 percent of the total number of cellular IoT connections worldwide at the end of 2017.

The 350 projects on the list are in the coming years forecasted to grow to 521 million units by 2022, corresponding to an overall compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.5 percent. “More than 40 deployments on the list have surpassed 1 million subscriptions and the top-10 projects alone account for over 80 million units”, continued Mr. Andersson. Fleet management & MRM is the largest vertical in terms of the number of projects that made the top list, followed by retail applications, aftermarket automotive and OEM automotive as well as smart homes and buildings.

When comparing the number of active subscriptions represented by each vertical for the entries in the top-350 list, OEM automotive is instead the largest vertical, accounting for 46 million units, ahead of utilities at about 34 million units and fleet management & MRM representing 31 million units.

Download report brochure: The 350 Largest Cellular IoT Projects Worldwide

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Artificial Intelligence has increasingly become a key discussion in all industries and its impact in field service management is predicted to be hugely significant, but how should field service organisations leverage this powerful twenty-first-century technology? In the part one of this two-part feature Marne Martin, President of Service Management, IFS outlined why AI in field service is about far more than chatbots, now in the concluding part, she outlines how AI can bring a touch of genius to your field service operations...

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Solving Problems When One Isn't Albert Einstein

Human agents are capable of optimally dealing with a customer, and AI can free them up for the most interesting and demanding tasks. In the case of scheduling technicians in the field, humans are just not up to the numerical challenge of adjusting a schedule in an optimal fashion as humans typically focus in on an aspect of a problem to solve rather than finding the best solution overall.

A dynamic scheduling engine (DSE) driven by AI algorithms is designed to solve complex scheduling problems in real time—problems much too complex for any human dispatcher or customer service agent to handle, especially when at times individuals will act myopically based on their area rather than for the greater good of the company and its customers.

"Even a static service schedule can be handled in myriad different ways and decisions regarding which technician to send to which of several jobs in what order are often made based on suboptimal heuristics..."

Even a static service schedule can be handled in myriad different ways and decisions regarding which technician to send to which of several jobs in what order are often made based on suboptimal heuristics.

“Steve’s son is in daycare in this part of town, so I will schedule this appointment last, so he will be close by.” Sometimes jobs are scheduled based on first-in, first scheduled, regardless of the actual urgency of requests that come later.

Manual or traditional software-based scheduling may be a workable solution for service organizations with a very small number of technicians each engaged in a small number of jobs during a day. But it does not take many technicians or jobs for the number of possible solutions to outstrip human computation capabilities either individually or as a group.

Even at the low end of the spectrum, a human dispatcher cannot quickly identify all the possible solutions and pick the best one. With two technicians and four service calls there are already 120 possible solutions— different combinations of technician, job and order. Two technicians, and five service calls yields 720 possible solutions. Four technicians and 10 service calls present a dispatcher with 1,037,836,800 possible solutions.

But the time you get to five technicians that must complete six calls each—a total of 30 calls, you have 12,301,367,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000 possible solutions.

Finding the optimal solution becomes even more complex as additional and rapidly-changing factors are added into the mix:

• Emergent jobs come in that must take precedence over those already scheduled
• SLAs and other contractual requirements demand that some jobs be completed within a given timeframe
• Technician skill sets that influence which tech is sent to which job
• Tools and materials currently in stock on each service vehicle
• The current location of a technician in proximity to each job and to drop locations for inventory that may be required for a job
• The duration of each service call, both in terms of estimated time required to complete the call and whether a current job is running over the estimated time, resulting in knock-on effect on subsequent jobs

Former world chess champion Garry Kasparov, in his book Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins, makes clear that even his mind is not capable of computing possible solutions and outcomes as rapidly or effectively as an AI algorithm.

"Automating the schedule through AI not only enables a much higher level of service but frees up dispatchers to handle those “beautiful or paradoxical moves” that may delight a customer or solve a tough problem...“

The human mind isn’t a computer; it cannot progress in an orderly fashion down a list of candidate moves and rank them by a score down to the hundredth of a pawn the way a chess machine does,” Kasparov writes. “Even the most disciplined human mind wanders in the heat of competition. This is both a weakness and a strength of human cognition. Sometimes these undisciplined wanderings only weaken your analysis. Other times they lead to inspiration, to beautiful or paradoxical moves that were not on your initial list of candidates.”

Automating the schedule through AI not only enables a much higher level of service but frees up dispatchers to handle those “beautiful or paradoxical moves” that may delight a customer or solve a tough problem.

In the end, collaborating with intelligent machines will get us further faster than going it alone. According to Kasparov, the best chess is now played as grandmasters use computers to analyze positions, opponents’ games and their own games—elevating the level of play. In an interview with the Financial Times, Kasparov, who famously had matches against an early chess supercomputer, described how the best chess is now played by combining “human intuition and understanding of the game of chess with a computer’s brute force of calculation and memory.”

“I introduced what is called advanced chess; human plus machine against another human plus machine,” Kasparov said. “A human plus machine will always beat a super machine. The computer will compensate for our human weaknesses and guarantee we are not making mistakes under pressure … the most important thing is not the strengths of the human player. It is not the power of the computer. But it is the interface. It is the corporation.”

Legacy Approach to Inventory Logistics

Service management for many businesses relies on inventory … if completion of a service call requires inventory and you are out of stock, you cannot meet your commitment to the customer. When a service request cannot be closed on the first visit, it is often because the right part is not on the truck or immediately available.

So, service management software should encompass inventory management functionality, and that functionality should include automated reorder points for each part. The ability to take parts availability into consideration is a critical data set for AI to work on as parts are a critical determinant in first-time fix and job completion where parts are a factor. It also is a key aspect to successful SLA and outcomes-based commercial relationships.

Once inventory data is available and integrated, a powerful DSE may also be configured to influence inventory logistics so parts and materials are housed in warehouses, satellite offices or inventory drop locations closer to anticipated demand, with inventory matched to jobs in a forward or current day schedule. In one very large implementation of IFS Planning and Scheduling™ Optimization—in the London underground transit system—inventory and tools are dropped ahead of each service visit so technicians who ride the subway to the service site can pick them up.

This is only possible with a high degree of coordination between the service schedule, inventory logistics and an AI-driven scheduling tool.

Conclusion

Service organisations should recognise the tremendous potential AI holds—they can harness it to transform their operations, outflank their competitors and disrupt their markets. We are only starting to tap into the different ways AI can be used to better solve the problem of delivering optimal service in a rapidly changing environment as adoption is still lagging despite the real benefits AI brings. The good news is there are several straightforward and easily accessible ways service executives can harness AI technology right now, today.

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Adopting IoT as part of the greater service and business environment involves keeping up with industry changes as they take place. That means incorporating better measures when needs arise in any business area and keeping cost-effective solutions in mind for the future progress of the company as a whole...

Already, 76% of companies are using IoT data analytics to establish product and/or process quality imperatives. Their decision makers can analyze IoT data to improve solution recommendations, feedback on installations, demonstrations, specific services, and others.

IoT also serves as a signifier for opportunities to improve more processes, such as identifying popular products and managing inventory.

Respondents to a recent research project undertaken by WBR and commisioned by Astea believe data should be usable in decision making at a variety of business levels. In every case, a majority of companies have either adopted IoT for specific business functions or plan to do so in the next 24 months. But companies prioritize customer-facing initiatives—service, products, and satisfaction—over internal functions such as business projections and aligning service data with financials.

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Customer Satisfaction & Loyalty:

73% of companies have incorporated IoT (42%) or plan to do so within 24 months (31%) for the purpose of customer satisfaction and loyalty. More companies have incorporated IoT for this purpose than for any other measured in the study.

With connected data, companies are able to understand and fulfil customer demands better thanks to improved communication. In this way, minor technological improvements can be made without delay or other consequences.

Service Processes & Optimization

Respondents agree that connected data and IoT have helped streamline processes across departments. By leveraging IoT data, they can measure efforts for overall growth through set channels, be they internal or service-driven.

Now, 41% of companies have incorporated IoT for process optimization, a close second to customer satisfaction and loyalty. Thirty-six percent have already incorporated IoT with service processes; more companies plan to do so within 24 months (37%) than with any other business function measured.

Product Uptime

Companies’ attention to customer experiences carries over to product support, where one respondent cites “notable improvements” to uptime in both industrial and consumer-driven channels. One healthcare executive says IoT helps them sustain products “during times of higher demands, especially due to the fact that these are used during medical procedures.”

More than one-third of companies have incorporated IoT for product uptime (34%); more than one-quarter of companies have plans to incorporate IoT with product uptime (30%) within 24 months.

Business Projections & Decisions

IoT data can be applied to various business requirements and provide essential statistics to support managerial functions. Derivations from reliable signals allow for better judgements when making business projections and decisions.

Over one-third of companies have incorporated IoT for business projections and decisions (35%); more than one-quarter of companies have plans to incorporate IoT with business projections and decisions (27%) within 24 months.

Predictive Maintenance

Respondents’ ambitions for better response to maintenance needs extends to real-time automated reporting, a better understanding of their products’ “general maintenance structure,” and even signals for customers to be proactive—to seek out maintenance themselves.

Several respondents cite their use of predictive reporting for scheduling, sustainability, and research methods, among others. Only 32% of companies have leveraged IoT for predictive maintenance; however, 29% plan to do so within 24 months.

Aligning Service Data with Financials

Fewer companies have incorporated IoT to align service data with financials (26%) than any other business function in the study. But the data suggests this is a growth area. More companies (61%) are either planning to incorporate IoT in this way within 24 months or are interested in incorporating IoT in this way than with any other business function.

Despite the prioritization of functions that drive customer success, it is in business projections, business decisions, and aligning service data with financials that companies take an increasing interest in incorporating IoT.

At least one-quarter of companies have already incorporated IoT for each of these purposes. Have you?

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Artificial Intelligence has increasingly become a key discussion in all industries and its impact in field service management is predicted to be hugely significant, but how should field service organisations leverage this powerful twenty-first-century technology? In the first of a two-part feature, Marne Martin, President Service Management IFS, offers her expert insight... 

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) will impact every industry and every business discipline—including field service management. But how quickly will practical solutions be available that enable the typical medium to large field service organization to take advantage of AI? And by practical solutions, I mean AI that delivers knowledge efficiently, processes solutions to complex data sets, and automates repetitive activities to allow human workers to focus on personalized service, solving complex problems and escalations, i.e. what people do best.

In some cases, these easily applied solutions are still on their way to market. In three specific areas, however, practical AI applications for field service are already commercially available as proven, commercial off-the-shelf software delivering real business value.

AI For Customer Interaction

First impressions matter. And unfortunately, the first interaction a customer has with your service organization often involves several missteps. Chief among these are long wait times on hold due to high call volumes. And then, as a customer attempts to reach out through multiple channels including email, chat and phone, the resulting data stream goes into separate siloes that are disconnected from each other, resulting in disjointed communication.

"Today, AI solutions can solve both these problems, but it requires more than “just” chatbots..."

Today, AI solutions can solve both these problems, but it requires more than “just” chatbots. Commercially available AI software that ties into chatbots is capable of learning which answers posed in a chat are appropriate for each question and automating a significant majority of chat interactions. A chatbot can be taught to answer commonly encountered questions, like inquiries about when a technician is scheduled to arrive. Of course, at some point, the AI chatbot may get stuck when personalized service is required, and a human agent takes over the discussion thread without missing a beat. This should be seamless not only to the customer but for the internal customer service, ticketing and support systems as well. The chatbot—regardless of whether driven at a given moment by AI or a human agent—should update the same customer record as other channels including social media, phone and email.

And from interactions, the AI functionality learns from answers provided by human agents and gets better and better at answering questions through learning processes. A truly advanced AI chatbot will also seamlessly hand off the chat to a human agent when the extent of its learning is overtaken. Only then can the entire customer experience be unified and consistent, even with a static number of agents handling a rapidly growing fluctuating volume of customer interactions.

AI-based chatbots, for instance, can enable a good agent to handle up to five or more chats at a time. It can capture Facebook messages and tweets and direct them to an agent or to AI for intervention. AI alone can handle, typically, between 50 and 60 percent of requests, freeing up human capacity or lowering staffing levels required to handle a given volume of activity.

Enables Management By Exception

In the case of AI applications for the service organization, a primary driver for ROI is that it enables humans to manage by exception. A high volume of activity can be automated, and humans intervene primarily when a situation falls outside the business rules or logic built into service management software. AI doesn’t eliminate the need for human interaction—it makes the human interaction more focused on what humans do best—handle escalations and complex decision making for unique cases.

At one IFS customer, an AI chatbot handles about 50 percent of interactions— primarily those reaching out to cancel their service after a free three-month trial period. Interactions cancelling a free subscription are handled entirely through automation. But if a longer-standing customer is cancelling their service, the interaction gets routed to an agent dedicated to saving the account.

Some interactions are by default easily handled by AI. If 30 percent of inbound contacts are requesting information on the arrival time of a field service technician, it may be possible to automate 90 percent of that 30 percent of contacts. But it is also important to consider the demographics of the customer base. Millennials are more likely to communicate via chat or social media, so if a significant percentage of customers are under 40, heavier reliance on chatbots and AI may help you increase engagement by streamlining your customers’ preferred method of interaction.

"Management by exception is also more successful when an AI application has access to extensive information about each customer..."

Management by exception is also more successful when an AI application has access to extensive information about each customer. So full integration with enterprise resource planning, field service management and other enterprise tools is essential. AI tools can be more effective if they have more rather than less information on the status of the customer’s account, including their maintenance or service history and warranty or service level agreement entitlements.

Integration between an AI chatbot, email, voice, social and enterprise applications is important for another reason. It enables one version of the customer record. Lacking this, a customer can send an email, and get no response. They send a direct message through Twitter. Then call and sit on hold. Then initiate a chat. All these interactions may not appear in a central customer record, but there have been three attempts to contact the company. Right from the first contact by email, the clock started ticking on a service level agreement.

Full integration can also enable a customer service team, once a customer request is resolved, to close off all queuing activations at the same time for the various contact methods associated with a customer case. Failing this, a service organization may spend a significant amount of time chasing customer requests that have already been resolved.

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In the age of the industrial internet of things (IIoT), the speed of data analysis is key to effective operation. Edge computing accelerates this process, allowing for industrial data analysis to be performed at the point of collection. 

Here, George Walker, managing director of industrial control and automation provider Novotek UK and Ireland, explains the core benefits of edge computing.

Edge computing is the term for when process data is collected, processed and analysed in a local device, as opposed to being transmitted to a centralised system. Supported by local cloud networks and IIoT platforms like GE Digital’s Predix, systems that support edge computing are proving increasingly popular as a means of streamlining the effectiveness of IIoT networks.

For plant and utility managers, this presents a range of opportunities to not only improve the efficiency of operations but to also overcome some of the limitations of centralised IIoT networks. In fact, there are the three main ways that edge computing drives value in businesses.

Greater operational efficiency

Traditional analysis is undergone by transferring data externally, which can delay decision-making as errors take longer to be found. With edge computing capable systems, large parts of the analysis can be carried out by the devices collecting the data.

The benefits of this are two-fold. For one, this can allow plant managers to access partial deep analysis in real time without waiting on lengthy analysis to be carried out externally. This means action can be taken earlier, streamlining the decision-making process.

The second benefit is that the IIoT platform, such as GE digitals Predix, can automatically respond to operational data. The system will be able to automatically adjust processes in real-time. In effect, this would allow for a self-correcting system that is able to maximise uptime and reduce the need for manual maintenance.

Overcoming network latency and bottlenecks

Traditionally, data analysis is carried out by having smart sensors send all their data to a remote location where it is analysed and processed. This is data intensive and can create problems if a network is not robust enough.

Channelling large amounts can cause network latency, which interrupts working within the plant as there will be a delay with transferring messages that run through the same network.

This is particularly problematic for applications where a system needs to act rapidly to a problem, such as in an industrial oven control system in a food production plant, where even a temporary dip in the temperature can result in a batch being unsuitable for market.

In addition to this, the sheer volume of raw data that can be generated in an industrial or utility plant is also likely to cause data bottlenecks in the wider network.

By using edge computing systems and a machine-learning IIoT platform, systems can respond to changes in real-time to prevent problems, while also having edge computers in place to compress the data and reduce network impact.

Lower operating costs

Due to the amount of information being produced, the cost of data storage is becoming a growing concern for companies. Edge computing and its ability to process data without transmitting it, lightens the load put on the network.

Processed data is also less substantial than raw data as calculations can be made that allow the raw data to be compressed, thus reducing file sizes. As such, industrial companies are able to make more economical use of their cloud servers. By minimising storage requirements and the number of storage upgrades required, edge computing can allow for a lower overall operating cost.

It’s clear that there are many benefits to edge computing, both from a financial and operational perspective. Whether a business is still considering adopting IIoT technology or is already making use of such systems, edge computing marks a step forward for businesses looking to streamline processes for efficiency and effectiveness.

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Fujitsu Limited and Ericsson have entered an agreement to deliver end-to-end 5G network solutions and related services under a strategic partnership. The two companies are joining forces to develop this based on their combined portfolios – spanning radio access and core network – for the dynamic 5G market in Japan, connecting communications service providers to the global 5G ecosystem.

The two companies aim to initially provide systems and solutions for the Japanese market, and seek to further expand their collaboration to other customers globally.

In the 5G era, mobile communications service providers anticipate the ability to provide highly scalable, and intelligent services through open and globally standardised technology for core and radio access network for more efficient network operations.

Ericsson and Fujitsu’s strength in research and development will ensure the best path for bringing global 5G solutions to Japan, as well as exploring a wider global market.[/quote]As a leading network technology provider, Fujitsu is making concerted efforts to support open standards activities driven by major telecommunications providers and aims to achieve broad interoperability for its radio access products in global markets.

As a world leader in 5G, Ericsson has worked closely with mobile operators around the world in the development of 5G, through standardization, trials, and prototyping.

Ericsson and Fujitsu’s strength in research and development will ensure the best path for bringing global 5G solutions to Japan, as well as exploring a wider global market.

Tango Matsumoto, Executive Vice President, Head of Network Business Group at Fujitsu, says: "Through this partnership with Ericsson, we will provide flexible 5G network systems that are open and standard compliant, and will leverage our expertise in wireless technologies and network integration to a wide range of customers in and outside of Japan. From mobile broadband, expected to be the first widespread use case of 5G, to the Internet of Things (IoT) and beyond, this partnership holds out the promise of exciting new business opportunities."

Fredrik Jejdling, Executive Vice President and Head of Business Area Networks at Ericsson says: “Our global expertise in 5G combined with our understanding of the local market puts us in an excellent position to support the introduction of 5G in Japan. By working closely with operators and partners, we are creating solutions that will bring successful use cases and applications to the market. With Fujitsu we get an excellent partner to accelerate this development.”

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In this, the latest edition of the Field Service Podcast, Kris Oldland, Field Service News, Editor-in-Chief, is joined by Marne Martin, CEO of WorkWave and president of Service Management for IFS about her new role with IFS as well as discussing whether the time has come to finally recognised Field Service Management systems as a standalone category such as CRM or ERP [hr]

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We've been asking for some time now how Augmented Reality will fill its potential as a central fulcrum within the future of field service. For Nick Frank the key is for it AR to become entwined with Knowledge Management... 

The English philosopher Francis Bacon once said: “Knowledge is power,” In earlier times, knowledge was usually kept to oneself for personal gain. Today, it is the sharing of knowledge that leads companies to success, especially in times of increasing digitization.

This ‘sharing’ involves collecting data, transforming it into insight and then getting it to a place where people can use it to make a difference. Benefits are only seen when the ‘knowledge chain’ is completed and any break in the chain nullifies our efforts.

So when industry commentators tell you that a particular technology is the “silver bullet” to success, it really is an oversimplification!

The problem is that knowledge is often “hidden” in the various IT systems and applications, or lost in the heads of employees who leave the business. For field service, this problem is particularly severe as the service portfolio is significantly larger than the current product offers due to longer product lifecycles and ever faster new product introductions.

On the other hand, service knowledge must be immediately available, in a distributed fashion, to achieve quick solutions and to ensure customer satisfaction. For service, we should view the challenge as being to provide customers or field technicians with that extra piece of know how that will help them solve problems more efficiently. A kind of “Augmented Knowledge” for expand it and provide it in a targeted manner. Existing information stored in different systems is merged. This can be structured data such as parts lists and unstructured information such as service tickets or service reports.

"Unstructured knowledge – text or prose – is analysed using text mining tools and integrated with the structured data. Large amounts of data can then be digitised and used intelligently..."

Unstructured knowledge – text or prose – is analysed using text mining tools and integrated with the structured data. Large amounts of data can then be digitised and used intelligently.

Urgently needed information is provided easily and quickly. Being able to network across databases makes it possible to recognize contexts, to analyze causes of failures and to create transparency. By using the system and verifying or excluding results, users continuously enrich it with expert knowledge. The current problem may already be the solution for the next user.

A classic example is finding similar cases (or problems). If an engineer is looking for the cause of a failure, the system looks for similar case and offers potential solutions.

The source for this could be the targeted evaluation of completed service cases (e.g. service tickets). By analysing which solutions were chosen by the engineer, the associated repair instructions, and confirming them as successful (or not successful, as the case may be) after the repair – the system learns through this interaction.

In fact, this process can go further and develop new insights from existing information. By visualizing and recognizing patterns, correlations can be identified, and appropriate measures initiated. For example, as part of a maintenance action or repair, the system can recommend the maintenance or repair of other elements to avoid subsequent failures that have arisen in similar situations.

But how to get that information to the point of need?

Augmented Reality (AR) technology, with its capability to supplement a real object, such as a machine or a component, with additional digital content is an ideal tool for this. It is not just the traditional approach of an expert communicating with a technician, it is extending it to ‘’smart’ databases supplying answers to questions.

"There is much to learn about the ergonomics of Augmented Knowledge and how to integrate it into people’s working lives..."

For example, in addition to the live video image on a tablet, smartphone or smart glasses, information and instructions can be augmented to the display to help solve the problem. These may be created by an expert remotely or they may be rendered as step by step instructions by the knowledge management system.

The individual steps necessary to solve the problem are now available in the form of AR annotations and can be subsequently edited and saved. This is another advantage of the AR system: The repair process gets documented and can be used again for similar cases.

So, if the engineer encounters this problem again in the future, they can reuse the annotations of the first repair without having to consult the expert. In addition, the solution is also available to all other engineers.

This saves significant time and effort. The caveat is to be able to present information to users such that they can use it. There is much to learn about the ergonomics of Augmented Knowledge and how to integrate it into people’s working lives.

This is a good example of how by turning information into transportable and analysable data (some call this digitisation of their processes), it is possible to accelerate service delivery, saving time and money for both the service provider and the user of machines.

Our experience is that by breaking down Knowledge Management and Augmented Reality into smaller pilot projects, we learn how to provide Augmented Knowledge to the Technician. Not just the technology, but actually how people brains cope with having access to this additional insight.

This may seem as bit ScFi and daunting at first, but you would be surprised how much of this you already do. Our advice is don’t look to anyone technology being pushed at you as the unique solution to your problems. You must develop your Knowledge Management, Augmented Reality and People capability in parallel.

For more information on how to start this digital journey, you can contact authors at peter.maier@si2partners.com or nick.frank@si2partners.com

Nick Frank, Managing Partner at Si2 Partners 

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